Introduction
This project aims to design and implement a 100 kW solar photovoltaic (PV) system to power clean water access and lighting for a medical facility in Kenya. The solution is intended to improve health services by ensuring reliable power for water pumps, lighting, and other essential electrical needs. The system will integrate climate-smart technologies, ensuring sustainable and efficient energy use, particularly in off-grid or low-grid areas. This system aligns with Kenya’s push toward renewable energy and sustainable development.
System Overview
The proposed solar PV system will have a capacity of 100 kW, utilizing high-efficiency solar panels, energy storage systems, and advanced inverter technology. The project will also include a water supply system powered by solar energy, ensuring that the facility has access to clean water through a solar-driven borehole pump and storage system.
1. Solar PV System Design
1.1 Solar Panels
The solar array will comprise 275 high-efficiency panels, each rated at 370 Wp, totalling 100 kW. These panels will have an efficiency of at least 19%, ensuring optimal energy production, even in areas with varying sunlight conditions.
- Total power: 100 kW
- Panel capacity: 370 Wp per panel
- Number of panels: 275
1.2 Mounting Structure
The solar panels will be mounted on galvanized steel frames fixed on concrete foundations. The mounting system will be ground-based, ensuring stability and durability in outdoor conditions.
- Mounting type: Ground-mounted, galvanized steel
- Foundation: Concrete
- Area required: 500–600 square meters (approx.)
1.3 Inverter
Two 50 kW inverters (or one 100 kW inverter) will be used to convert the DC power generated by the solar panels into AC power for use in the facility. The inverter chosen is compatible with the energy storage system and provides essential features such as reactive power control, voltage regulation, and anti-islanding.
- Inverter model: Storion T50 (or equivalent)
- Capacity: 100 kW (50 kW each)
- Grid integration: Seamless with frequency and voltage regulation
1.4 Energy Storage System
A lithium-ion battery bank with a total capacity of 218.7 kWh will be installed to store excess solar power, providing energy during cloudy days or at night. The battery system will ensure uninterrupted power for critical operations such as water pumping and medical facility lighting.
- Battery model: M38210-S (or equivalent)
- Total capacity: 218.7 kWh
- Number of batteries: 27 (each with 8.1 kWh capacity)
- Backup duration: 4–6 hours, depending on usage
1.5 System Monitoring and Control
A real-time monitoring system will be installed to track the performance of the solar PV system and energy storage. Remote monitoring will be enabled via modem and router, allowing operators to manage the system from off-site locations, ensuring optimal operation and early fault detection.
- Modem + Router: Remote monitoring setup
- Control system: Integrated with solar PV, storage, and grid
1.6 Safety Features
The system will include comprehensive safety features such as lightning protection, earthing materials, and circuit breakers. External lightning arrestors at a height of 6 meters will provide additional protection against electrical surges.
- Lightning protection: Aerial arrestors and earthing rods
- Circuit protection: Overload and short-circuit protection
1.7 Containerization
The energy storage and inverter systems will be housed in a 10-foot container, equipped with climate control (air conditioning), fire protection, and other necessary fittings. This ensures the longevity and safety of the equipment.
- Container size: 10 feet
- Features: Climate control, fire protection
2. Water Supply System Design
2.1 Borehole Drilling and Pump
A borehole will be drilled to provide a sustainable water source for the medical facility. The borehole will be equipped with a submersible pump, powered by the solar PV system. The pump will be connected to a storage tank, ensuring a continuous supply of clean water.
- Borehole depth: TBD (based on geophysical survey)
- Pump model: Grundfos submersible pump (or equivalent)
- Pump capacity: Suitable for 100 kW solar PV system
2.2 Water Storage
Two 10,000-liter PVC tanks will be installed on a 6-meter steel support structure. The storage system will provide sufficient water for the facility, ensuring resilience during times of high water demand or pump maintenance.
- Tank capacity: 20,000 litres (2 x 10,000 litres)
- Tank height: 6 meters
2.3 Water Distribution
A network of HDPE pipes will be used to distribute water from the storage tanks to various points within the medical facility. This will ensure a steady supply of clean water for medical use, hygiene, and other critical operations.
- Pipe network length: 400 meters
- Material: HDPE, with required fittings and accessories
2.4 Tap Stand Installation
Public tap stands will be constructed at strategic locations around the medical facility, providing accessible water points for staff and patients. Each stand will be made of reinforced concrete, and will be equipped with durable taps and fittings.
- Number of tap stands: 4
- Construction: Concrete base with steel taps
3. Lighting and Electrical Supply
The solar PV system will power the essential lighting and electrical needs of the medical facility. This includes interior and exterior lighting, refrigeration for medical supplies, and power for medical equipment.
- Lighting: LED lights for high efficiency
- Medical equipment: Power backup for essential devices
4. Conclusion
This project provides a comprehensive solution for powering the medical facility in Kenya, ensuring access to clean water and reliable energy through a 100 kW solar PV system. The system is scalable, environmentally friendly, and designed to meet the facility’s long-term energy needs. By integrating clean energy with climate-smart technology, this project will significantly improve the quality of health services and access to clean water in the region.
Refer to the attached document for the detailed bill of quantities (BoQ) and specific component specifications.
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